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* Complete 1790 to 1930 United States Federal Census taken every 10 years
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* 1871 Canada Census with images
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* * 1881 Canada Census

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Census Records in Canada

Canada's first census was initiated by Intendant Jean Talon in 1666 in New France (present day Quebec). The census counted the colony's 3,215 inhabitants and recorded their age, sex, marital status and occupation.

Before 1871 (Canada's first national census) there were 98 colonial and regional censuses. The first national census of Canada was taken in 1871. The Census Act of May 12, 1870 stated that census-taking was to take place no later than 1 May. This first census of the Dominion following Confederation in 1867 counted the population of the four original provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec and Ontario

Census returns contain the official enumeration of the Canadian population. They are one of the most useful sources for genealogical research. They can help you discover when and where your ancestor was born, the names of parents and siblings, what year an immigrant arrived in Canada and many other details.

For each census, the records are arranged by province or territory, then divided into districts. Those districts usually corresponded with counties and cities. Districts were usually divided into sub-districts, corresponding with townships, parishes and larger towns.

What you Need to Know About Canadian Census Records

Prior to the first Dominion Census in 1871, census enumerations were conducted in different areas in various years. Many of those early records have not survived, including portions of the 1851 returns. As provinces joined Confederation in 1867, they were included in subsequent federal census returns, for example Prince Edward Island in 1881.

Census before 1842

1842 Census

1848 Census

1851 Census (taken in 1850)

1861 Census

1871 Census

1881 Census

1891 Census

1901 Census

1906 Census (Prairie Provinces only)

1911 Census

Terms & Abbreviations in Canadian Census Records

Questions Asked on Canada Census Reports

Questions Asked on the Ontario Census Reports

Explanation of the Ontario Census Reports

Agricultural Returns - an overlooked genealogical treasure trove!

Catalogue of Canada Census Returns on Microfilm 1666-1901

Other Census Solutions

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